Arrestin beta 2

ARRB2
Tanımlayıcılar
Digər adları	ARRB2, ARB2, ARR2, BARR2, Arrestin beta 2
Xarici ID-lər	OMIM: 107941 MGI: 99474 HomoloGene: 3183 GeneCards: ARRB2
Genin yeri (İnsan)
Xromosom	Xromosom 17 (insan)
Son	4,721,499 bp
Genin yeri (Siçan)
Xromosom	Xromosom 11 (siçan)
Son	70,331,654 bp
RNT ifadəsi
	İfadə məlumatı üçün daha çox istinad
Gen ontologiyası
Molekulyar funksiya	• alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding; • 14-3-3 protein binding; • protein kinase B binding; • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 protein binding; • enzyme binding; • angiotensin receptor binding; • GO:0032947 molecular adaptor activity; • signaling receptor binding; • G protein-coupled receptor binding; • ubiquitin protein ligase binding; • identical protein binding; • arrestin family protein binding; • GO:0032403 protein-containing complex binding; • protein domain specific binding; • alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding; • type 1 angiotensin receptor binding; • D1 dopamine receptor binding; • follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding; • type 2A serotonin receptor binding; • platelet activating factor receptor binding; • mitogen-activated protein kinase binding;
Hücrəsəl komponent	• Sitoplazma; • cytosol; • postsynaptic membrane; • GO:0097483, GO:0097481 postsynaptic density; • membrane; • Membran; • endocytic vesicle; • dendritic spine; • intracellular anatomical structure; • basolateral plasma membrane; • clathrin-coated pit; • GO:0016023 cytoplasmic vesicle; • Hüceyrə nüvəsi; • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; • endosome;
Bioloji proses	• proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; • positive regulation of calcium ion transport; • regulation of protein phosphorylation; • negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; • negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; • endocytosis; • regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of receptor internalization; • negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; • negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; • receptor internalization; • transcription by RNA polymerase II; • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain; • follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway; • platelet activation; • dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of protein ubiquitination; • brain development; • GO:0034259 negative regulation of GTPase activity; • negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • protein ubiquitination; • positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • cell chemotaxis; • protein transport; • negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; • regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; • negative regulation of signal transduction; • positive regulation of protein ubiquitination; • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; • desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin; • GO:0072468 signal transduction; • adult walking behavior; • negative regulation of interleukin-12 production; • Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway; • GO:0033128 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation; • G protein-coupled receptor internalization; • GO:1901313 positive regulation of gene expression; • protein deubiquitination; • membrane organization; • positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • excitatory postsynaptic potential; • positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; • GO:1904089 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; • positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortoloqlar
	409
	216869
	ENSG00000141480
	ENSMUSG00000060216
	P32121
	Q91YI4
NM_001257328; NM_001257329; NM_001257330; NM_001257331; NM_004313;
	NM_199004; NM_001330064
	NM_001271358; NM_001271359; NM_001271360; NM_145429
NP_001244257; NP_001244258; NP_001244259; NP_001244260; NP_001316993;
	NP_004304; NP_945355
	NP_001258287; NP_001258288; NP_001258289; NP_663404
	Wikidata
İnsanı göstər/redaktə et	Siçanı göstər/redaktə et

Arrestin beta 2, həmçinin arrestin beta-2 olaraq da bilinir — insanlarda ARRB2 geni ilə kodlanan hüceyrədaxili zülal.

Arrestin beta 2 zülal ailəsinin üzvlərinin G zülalı ilə əlaqəli reseptorların agonist vasitəçiliyi ilə desensitizasiyasında iştirak etdiyi və hormonlar, neyrotransmitterlər və ya duyğu siqnalları kimi stimullara hüceyrə reaksiyalarının spesifik şəkildə yatırılmasına səbəb olduğu düşünülür.^[5]^[6]^[7] Arrestin beta 2 zülalı həmçinin müstəqil siqnal roluna malikdir.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Arrestin beta 2, arrestin beta 1 kimi, beta-adrenergik reseptor funksiyasını in vitro inhibe edir. Mərkəzi sinir sistemində yüksək səviyyədə ifadə edilir və sinoptik reseptorların tənzimlənməsində rol oynaya bilər.

Beyinlə yanaşı, arrestin beta 2 üçün tamamlayıcı DNT^[13] qalxanabənzər vəzindən təcrid edilmişdir və beləliklə, o, tirotropin reseptorlarının hormon-spesifik desensitizasiyasında da iştirak edə bilər. Bu gen üçün bir çox alternativ olaraq birləşdirilmiş transkript variantları tapılmışdır, lakin bəzi variantların tam aydın təbiəti müəyyən edilməmişdir.[13]

Zülal 5-HT2A reseptor^[14] siqnalında agonist DOI^[15] ilə qarşılıqlı əlaqədə ola bilər.^[16]^[17]

Arrestin beta 2 morfin və digər opioidlərə^[18] qarşı dözümlülüyün inkişafı üçün vacibdir.

Qarşılıqlı əlaqələri

Arrestin beta 2 ilə qarşılıqlı əlaqədə olanlar:

AP2B1,^[19]^[20]
PSCD2,^[21]
Mdm2,^[22]^[23]^[24] və
RALGDS.^[25]

İstinadlar

↑ ¹ ² ³ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141480 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ ¹ ² ³ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060216 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Breivogel CS, Lambert JM, Gerfin S, Huffman JW, Razdan RK. "Sensitivity to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is selectively enhanced in beta-arrestin2 -/- mice". Behavioural Pharmacology. 19 (4). July 2008: 298–307. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e328308f1e6. PMC 2751575. PMID 18622177.
↑ Li Y, Liu X, Liu C, Kang J, Yang J, Pei G, Wu C. "Improvement of morphine-mediated analgesia by inhibition of β-arrestin2 expression in mice periaqueductal gray matter". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (3). March 2009: 954–63. doi:10.3390/ijms10030954. PMC 2672012. PMID 19399231.
↑ Zheng H. "Beta-arrestin-dependent mu-opioid receptor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) Translocate to Nucleus in Contrast to G protein-dependent ERK activation". Molecular Pharmacology. 73 (1). January 2008: 178–90. doi:10.1124/mol.107.039842. PMC 2253657. PMID 17947509.
↑ Ma L, Pei G. "Beta-arrestin signaling and regulation of transcription". Journal of Cell Science. 120 (Pt 2). January 2007: 213–8. doi:10.1242/jcs.03338. PMID 17215450.
↑ Defea K. "Beta-arrestins and heterotrimeric G-proteins: collaborators and competitors in signal transduction". British Journal of Pharmacology. 153 Suppl 1 (S1). March 2008: S298–309. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707508. PMC 2268080. PMID 18037927.
↑ Barki-Harrington L, Rockman HA. "Beta-arrestins: multifunctional cellular mediators". Physiology. 23. February 2008: 17–22. doi:10.1152/physiol.00042.2007. PMID 18268361.
↑ Patel PA, Tilley DG, Rockman HA. "Physiologic and cardiac roles of beta-arrestins". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 46 (3). March 2009: 300–8. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.015. PMID 19103204.
↑ Golan M, Schreiber G, Avissar S. "Antidepressants, beta-arrestins and GRKs: from regulation of signal desensitization to intracellular multifunctional adaptor functions". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 15 (14). 2009: 1699–708. doi:10.2174/138161209788168038. PMID 19442183.
↑ "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2021-06-07 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-20.
↑ "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2023-09-03 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-21.
↑ "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2023-08-26 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-21.
↑ Schmid CL, Raehal KM, title = Agonist-directed signaling of the serotonin 2A receptor depends on beta-arrestin-2 interactions in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (3). January 2008: 1079–84. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708862105. PMC 2242710. PMID 18195357 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2242710 (#bare_url_missing_title). (#missing_pipe); (#vancouver)
↑ Abbas A. "Arresting serotonin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (3). January 2008: 831–2. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105..831A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711335105. PMC 2242676. PMID 18195368.
↑ "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2023-08-31 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-21.
↑ Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, Holt JA, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, Barak LS. "The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7). March 1999: 3712–7. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3712L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3712. PMC 22359. PMID 10097102.
↑ Kim YM, Benovic JL. "Differential roles of arrestin-2 interaction with clathrin and adaptor protein 2 in G protein-coupled receptor trafficking". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (34). August 2002: 30760–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204528200. PMID 12070169.
↑ Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ. "beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (45). November 2001: 42509–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108399200. PMID 11533043.
↑ Wang P, Gao H, Ni Y, Wang B, Wu Y, Ji L, Qin L, Ma L, Pei G. "Beta-arrestin 2 functions as a G-protein-coupled receptor-activated regulator of oncoprotein Mdm2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (8). February 2003: 6363–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210350200. PMID 12488444.
↑ Wang P, Wu Y, Ge X, Ma L, Pei G. "Subcellular localization of beta-arrestins is determined by their intact N domain and the nuclear export signal at the C terminus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (13). March 2003: 11648–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208109200. PMID 12538596.
↑ Shenoy SK, Xiao K, Venkataramanan V, Snyder PM, Freedman NJ, Weissman AM. "Nedd4 mediates agonist-dependent ubiquitination, lysosomal targeting, and degradation of the beta2-adrenergic receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (32). August 2008: 22166–76. doi:10.1074/jbc.M709668200. PMC 2494938. PMID 18544533.
↑ Bhattacharya M, Anborgh PH, Babwah AV, Dale LB, Dobransky T, Benovic JL, Feldman RD, Verdi JM, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS. "Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization". Nature Cell Biology. 4 (8). August 2002: 547–55. doi:10.1038/ncb821. PMID 12105416.

Ədəbiyyatı

Lefkowitz RJ. "G protein-coupled receptors. III. New roles for receptor kinases and beta-arrestins in receptor signaling and desensitization". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (30). July 1998: 18677–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.30.18677. PMID 9668034.
Attramadal H, Arriza JL, Aoki C, Dawson TM, Codina J, Kwatra MM, Snyder SH, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. "Beta-arrestin2, a novel member of the arrestin/beta-arrestin gene family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (25). September 1992: 17882–90. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37125-X. PMID 1517224.
Rapoport B, Kaufman KD, Chazenbalk GD. "Cloning of a member of the arrestin family from a human thyroid cDNA library". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 84 (3). April 1992: R39–43. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(92)90038-8. PMID 1587386.
Calabrese G, Sallese M, Stornaiuolo A, Stuppia L, Palka G, De Blasi A. "Chromosome mapping of the human arrestin (SAG), beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2), and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 (ADRBK2) genes". Genomics. 23 (1). September 1994: 286–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1497. PMID 7695743.
Parruti G, Peracchia F, Sallese M, Ambrosini G, Masini M, Rotilio D, De Blasi A. "Molecular analysis of human beta-arrestin-1: cloning, tissue distribution, and regulation of expression. Identification of two isoforms generated by alternative splicing". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (13). May 1993: 9753–61. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98412-7. PMID 8486659.
Le Gouill C, Parent JL, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stanková J. "Role of the Cys90, Cys95 and Cys173 residues in the structure and function of the human platelet-activating factor receptor". FEBS Letters. 402 (2–3). February 1997: 203–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01531-1. PMID 9037196.
Barak LS, Ferguson SS, Zhang J, Caron MG. "A beta-arrestin/green fluorescent protein biosensor for detecting G protein-coupled receptor activation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (44). October 1997: 27497–500. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.27497. PMID 9346876.
Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, Holt JA, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, Barak LS. "The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7). March 1999: 3712–7. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3712L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3712. PMC 22359. PMID 10097102.
Cheng ZJ, Zhao J, Sun Y, Hu W, Wu YL, Cen B, Wu GX, Pei G. "beta-arrestin differentially regulates the chemokine receptor CXCR4-mediated signaling and receptor internalization, and this implicates multiple interaction sites between beta-arrestin and CXCR4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (4). January 2000: 2479–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.4.2479. PMID 10644702.
Lin F, Wang Hy, Malbon CC. "Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (25). June 2000: 19025–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.25.19025. PMID 10858453.
McDonald PH, Chow CW, Miller WE, Laporte SA, Field ME, Lin FT, Davis RJ, Lefkowitz RJ. "Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3". Science. 290 (5496). November 2000: 1574–7. Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1574M. doi:10.1126/science.290.5496.1574. PMID 11090355.
Luttrell LM, Roudabush FL, Choy EW, Miller WE, Field ME, Pierce KL, Lefkowitz RJ. "Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestin scaffolds". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5). February 2001: 2449–54. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.2449L. doi:10.1073/pnas.041604898. PMC 30158. PMID 11226259.
Cen B, Yu Q, Guo J, Wu Y, Ling K, Cheng Z, Ma L, Pei G. "Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor". Journal of Neurochemistry. 76 (6). March 2001: 1887–94. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00204.x. PMID 11259507.
Oakley RH, Laporte SA, Holt JA, Barak LS, Caron MG. "Molecular determinants underlying the formation of stable intracellular G protein-coupled receptor-beta-arrestin complexes after receptor endocytosis*". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (22). June 2001: 19452–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101450200. PMID 11279203.
Miller WE, McDonald PH, Cai SF, Field ME, Davis RJ, Lefkowitz RJ. "Identification of a motif in the carboxyl terminus of beta -arrestin2 responsible for activation of JNK3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (30). July 2001: 27770–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102264200. PMID 11356842.
Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ. "beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (45). November 2001: 42509–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108399200. PMID 11533043.
Hilairet S, Bélanger C, Bertrand J, Laperrière A, Foord SM, Bouvier M. "Agonist-promoted internalization of a ternary complex between calcitonin receptor-like receptor, receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and beta-arrestin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (45). November 2001: 42182–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107323200. PMID 11535606.
Shenoy SK, McDonald PH, Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ. "Regulation of receptor fate by ubiquitination of activated beta 2-adrenergic receptor and beta-arrestin". Science. 294 (5545). November 2001: 1307–13. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1307S. doi:10.1126/science.1063866. PMID 11588219.
Chen Z, Dupré DJ, Le Gouill C, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stanková J. "Agonist-induced internalization of the platelet-activating factor receptor is dependent on arrestins but independent of G-protein activation. Role of the C terminus and the (D/N)PXXY motif". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (9). March 2002: 7356–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110058200. PMID 11729201.

Xarici keçidlər

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ¹ ² ³ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141480 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] ¹ ² ³ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000060216 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".

[pmid18622177-5] Breivogel CS, Lambert JM, Gerfin S, Huffman JW, Razdan RK. "Sensitivity to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is selectively enhanced in beta-arrestin2 -/- mice". Behavioural Pharmacology. 19 (4). July 2008: 298–307. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e328308f1e6. PMC 2751575. PMID 18622177.

[pmid19399231-6] Li Y, Liu X, Liu C, Kang J, Yang J, Pei G, Wu C. "Improvement of morphine-mediated analgesia by inhibition of β-arrestin2 expression in mice periaqueductal gray matter". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (3). March 2009: 954–63. doi:10.3390/ijms10030954. PMC 2672012. PMID 19399231.

[pmid17947509-7] Zheng H. "Beta-arrestin-dependent mu-opioid receptor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) Translocate to Nucleus in Contrast to G protein-dependent ERK activation". Molecular Pharmacology. 73 (1). January 2008: 178–90. doi:10.1124/mol.107.039842. PMC 2253657. PMID 17947509.

[pmid17215450-8] Ma L, Pei G. "Beta-arrestin signaling and regulation of transcription". Journal of Cell Science. 120 (Pt 2). January 2007: 213–8. doi:10.1242/jcs.03338. PMID 17215450.

[pmid18037927-9] Defea K. "Beta-arrestins and heterotrimeric G-proteins: collaborators and competitors in signal transduction". British Journal of Pharmacology. 153 Suppl 1 (S1). March 2008: S298–309. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707508. PMC 2268080. PMID 18037927.

[pmid18268361-10] Barki-Harrington L, Rockman HA. "Beta-arrestins: multifunctional cellular mediators". Physiology. 23. February 2008: 17–22. doi:10.1152/physiol.00042.2007. PMID 18268361.

[pmid19103204-11] Patel PA, Tilley DG, Rockman HA. "Physiologic and cardiac roles of beta-arrestins". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 46 (3). March 2009: 300–8. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.015. PMID 19103204.

[pmid19442183-12] Golan M, Schreiber G, Avissar S. "Antidepressants, beta-arrestins and GRKs: from regulation of signal desensitization to intracellular multifunctional adaptor functions". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 15 (14). 2009: 1699–708. doi:10.2174/138161209788168038. PMID 19442183.

[13] "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2021-06-07 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-20.

[14] "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2023-09-03 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-21.

[15] "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2023-08-26 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-21.

[pmid18195357-16] Schmid CL, Raehal KM, title = Agonist-directed signaling of the serotonin 2A receptor depends on beta-arrestin-2 interactions in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (3). January 2008: 1079–84. doi:10.1073/pnas.0708862105. PMC 2242710. PMID 18195357 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2242710 (#bare_url_missing_title). (#missing_pipe); (#vancouver)

[pmid18195368-17] Abbas A. "Arresting serotonin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (3). January 2008: 831–2. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105..831A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711335105. PMC 2242676. PMID 18195368.

[18] "Arxivlənmiş surət". 2023-08-31 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2023-09-21.

[pmid10097102-19] Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, Holt JA, Ferguson SS, Caron MG, Barak LS. "The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (7). March 1999: 3712–7. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3712L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3712. PMC 22359. PMID 10097102.

[pmid12070169-20] Kim YM, Benovic JL. "Differential roles of arrestin-2 interaction with clathrin and adaptor protein 2 in G protein-coupled receptor trafficking". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (34). August 2002: 30760–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204528200. PMID 12070169.

[pmid11533043-21] Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ. "beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (45). November 2001: 42509–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108399200. PMID 11533043.

[pmid12488444-22] Wang P, Gao H, Ni Y, Wang B, Wu Y, Ji L, Qin L, Ma L, Pei G. "Beta-arrestin 2 functions as a G-protein-coupled receptor-activated regulator of oncoprotein Mdm2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (8). February 2003: 6363–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210350200. PMID 12488444.

[pmid12538596-23] Wang P, Wu Y, Ge X, Ma L, Pei G. "Subcellular localization of beta-arrestins is determined by their intact N domain and the nuclear export signal at the C terminus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (13). March 2003: 11648–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208109200. PMID 12538596.

[pmid18544533-24] Shenoy SK, Xiao K, Venkataramanan V, Snyder PM, Freedman NJ, Weissman AM. "Nedd4 mediates agonist-dependent ubiquitination, lysosomal targeting, and degradation of the beta2-adrenergic receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (32). August 2008: 22166–76. doi:10.1074/jbc.M709668200. PMC 2494938. PMID 18544533.

[pmid12105416-25] Bhattacharya M, Anborgh PH, Babwah AV, Dale LB, Dobransky T, Benovic JL, Feldman RD, Verdi JM, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS. "Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization". Nature Cell Biology. 4 (8). August 2002: 547–55. doi:10.1038/ncb821. PMID 12105416.

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