Manqust əməliyyatı
Kuba Layihəsi və ya Manqust əməliyyatı — ABŞ Prezidenti Con Kennedinin səlahiyyətlərinin ilk illərində ABŞ Mərkəzi Kəşfiyyat İdarəsi (MKİ) tərəfindən hazırlanmış, Kubada dinc əhaliyə qarşı terror hücumları və məxfi əməliyyatlardan ibarət kampaniya.[1][2][3][4][5][6] 30 noyabr 1961-ci ildə prezident Kennedi tərəfindən Fidel Kastronun kommunist hökumətinə qarşı aqressiv gizli əməliyyatlara icazə verilmişdi. Kastro hökumətinin devrilməsi Kennedi administrasiyasının əsas diqqət mərkəzində idi.[7][8][9] Əməliyyat 1960-cı ildə Florida ştatının Mayami şəhərində yaradılmış JM/WAVE gizli əməliyyatları və kəşfiyyat toplama stansiyasında planlaşdırılmışdı.[10][11] Əməliyyata Hərbi Hava Qüvvələrinin generalı Edvard Lansdeyl rəhbərlik edirdi və uğursuz Donuzlar körfəzinin hücumundan sonra qüvvəyə minmişdi.
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İstinadlar
redaktə- ↑ Bacevich, Andrew. Washington rules : America's path to permanent war (First). New York: Henry Holt and Company. 2010. 77–80. ISBN 9781429943260. 4 January 2024 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2 February 2020.
In its determination to destroy the Cuban Revolution, the Kennedy administration heedlessly embarked upon what was, in effect, a program of state-sponsored terrorism... the actions of the United States toward Cuba during the early 1960s bear comparison with Iranian and Syrian support for proxies engaging in terrorist activities against Israel
- ↑ Franklin, Jane. Cuba and the U.S. empire : a chronological history. New York: New York University Press. 2016. 45–63, 388–392, et passim. ISBN 9781583676059.
- ↑ Prados, John; Jimenez-Bacardi, Arturo, redaktorlar Kennedy and Cuba: Operation Mongoose. National Security Archive (Hesabat). Washington, D.C.: The George Washington University. October 3, 2019. November 2, 2019 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 3 April 2020.
The Kennedy administration had been quick to set up a Cuba Task Force—with strong representation from CIA's Directorate of Plans—and on August 31 that unit decided to adopt a public posture of ignoring Castro while attacking civilian targets inside Cuba: 'our covert activities would now be directed toward the destruction of targets important to the [Cuban] economy' (Document 4)...While acting through Cuban revolutionary groups with potential for real resistance to Castro, the task force 'will do all we can to identify and suggest targets whose destruction will have the maximum economic impact.' The memorandum showed no concern for international law or the unspoken nature of these operations as terrorist attacks.
- ↑ International Policy Report (Hesabat). Washington, D.C.: Center for International Policy. 1977. 10–12.
To coordinate and carry out its war of terror and destruction during the early 1960s, the CIA established a base of operations, known as JM/WAVE
- ↑ Miller, Nicola. The Real Gap in the Cuban Missile Crisis: The Post-Cold-War Historiography and Continued Omission of Cuba // Carter, Dale; Clifton, Robin (redaktorlar ). War and Cold War in American foreign policy, 1942–62. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. 211–237. ISBN 9781403913852.
- ↑ Erlich, Reese. Dateline Havana : the real story of U.S. policy and the future of Cuba. Abingdon/New York: Routledge. 2008. 26–29. ISBN 9781317261605. 20 October 2020 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2 February 2020.
Officially, the United States favored only peaceful means to pressure Cuba. In reality, U.S. leaders also used violent, terrorist tactics... Operation Mongoose began in November 1961... U.S. operatives attacked civilian targets, including sugar refineries, saw mills, and molasses storage tanks. Some 400 CIA officers worked on the project in Washington and Miami... Operation Mongoose and various other terrorist operations caused property damage and injured and killed Cubans. But they failed to achieve their goal of regime change.
- ↑ Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$%& Missile Crisis" (PDF). Diplomatic History. Boston/Oxford: Blackwell Publishers/Oxford University Press. 24 (2). April 2000: 305–316. doi:10.1111/0145-2096.00214. September 7, 2020 tarixində arxivləşdirilib (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 6 September 2019 – Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University vasitəsilə.
On the afternoon of 16 October... Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy convened in his office a meeting on Operation Mongoose, the code name for a U.S. policy of sabotage and related covert operation aimed at Cuba... The Kennedy administration returned to its policy of sponsoring terrorism against Cuba as the confrontation with the Soviet Union lessened... Only once in these nearly thousand pages of documentation did a U.S. official raise something that resembled a faint moral objection to U.S.-government sponsored terrorism.
- ↑ Bolender, Keith. Cuba Under Siege: American Policy, the Revolution, and its People. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. x, 14, 18–20, 53–57, 63–64, et passim. ISBN 978-1-137-27554-7.
While there are multiple layers of complexity to the encirclement of Cuba, the most violent facet rests with the hundreds of acts of terrorism inflicted against civilian targets...The most infamous offshoot of the Project was Operation Mongoose...Headed by Air Force general Edward Lansdale, the operation coordinated hundreds of acts of terrorism, sabotage against Cuban industrial targets, increased propaganda efforts, and the tightening of the economic blockade...by the late 1960s it had shifted to terrorist organizations in South Florida made up of the extreme right-wing opposition that had left the island. In between were the murders, bombings, and sabotage of the terrorist program Operation Mongoose...American officials understood the acts of terror during the early years were specifically designed to disrupt, destabilize, and force the Cuban government to divert precious resources, as well as induce intrusive civil measures.
- ↑ Lansdale, Edward. Smith, Louis J. (redaktor). Program Review by the Chief of Operations, Operation Mongoose. Foreign Relations of the United States (Hesabat). 1961–1963. X, Cuba. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. January 18, 1962. 12 October 2017 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 19 February 2020.
- ↑ Cold War in South Florida: Historic Resource Study Arxivləşdirilib 2016-12-21 at the Wayback Machine, Steven Hach (ed. Jennifer Dickey), National Park Service Southeast Regional Office, U.S. Department of the Interior, October 2004
- ↑ Spymaster: My Life in the CIA, Theodore G. Shackley, 2005, Brassey's, ISBN 1-57488-915-X
Xarici keçidlər
redaktə
Vikianbarda Manqust əməliyyatı ilə əlaqəli mediafayllar var.
- Operation Mongoose: The Cuba Project, Cuban History Archive, 20 Feb 1962.
- The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, The National Security Archive.
- Meeting with the Attorney General of the United States Concerning Cuba, CIA minutes, 19 January 1962.
- Justification for US Military Intervention in Cuba, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 13 March 1962.
- Minutes of Meeting of the Special Group on Operation Mongoose, 4 October 1962.
- CIA Inspector General's Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro, CIA Historical Review Program, 23 May 1967. (HTML version)