Mamikonyanlar

Mamikonyanlar
Mamikonyanlar
Titul	Tayk çarı; Taron çarı; Ermənistan regenti; Ermənistan mərzbanı;
Əcdadı	Artavazd
Dövr	orta əsrlər
Mənşəyi	naməlum (bax: #Mənşə)
	Vikianbarda əlaqəli mediafayllar

Mamikonyanlar (qədim erm. Մամիկոնեան, müasir erm. Մամիկոնյան) — IV əsrdən bəri Ermənistanda əhəmiyyətli sülalə. Sülalə ölkə tarixində mühüm rol oynamışdır. Mamikonyanlar sülaləsinin üzvləri naharar (regional hakim) tituluna əlavə olaraq, sparapet (baş komandir) irsi titulunu da daşıyırdı. idi. Sülalə VIII əsrdə ərəblərə qarşı müqavimətdə aparıcı rola görə əhəmiyyətdən düşmüşdür.

Mənşə

"Encyclopædia Iranica"da da qeyd edildiyi kimi, müasir tarixşünaslıqda Mamikonyanların mənşəyinin müxtəlif versiyaları mövcuddur. Nikolay Adonts^[1] və xüsusilə Kirill Tumanov Mamikonyan nəsil ağacının Gürcüstanla əlaqələndirilməli olduğuna inanırdılar.^[2]^[3] Eyni versiyanı Robert Hyusen^[4] və A. Redgeyt də qorumuşdur.^[5] Onlara görə kartvel mənşəli çan tayfasından^[6] (və ya Tayk yaxınlığında məskunlaşmış lazlar^[3]) gəlirdilər. Edvard Gibbon Mamikonyanların skif mənşəli ola biləcəyinə inanırdı.^[7] Sülalənin Mərkəzi Asiyadan və ya Dərbənd bölgəsindən mənşəyi ilə bağlı versiyalar mövcuddur.^[8] Svazyana görə, Mamikonyanların mənşəyi daha sonra Mərkəzi Asiyanın daha sonra Mavəraünnəhr adlanan bölgəsi, yəni Amudərya və Sırdərya çaylarının arasında yerləşən ərazilərə dayandığını irəli sürmüşdür.^[9] Bu, sülalənin Parfiya mənşəli olduğunu göstərə bilər.^[10]

Ənənəyə görə, Mamikonyanlar Çin mənşəlidir, lakin bunun üçün tarixi bir dəlil yoxdur.^[8]

İstinadlar

↑ Адонц Николай Георгиевич, Армения в эпоху Юстиниана: Политическое состояние на основе Нахарского строя, СПб., 1908, ст. 402—405 (Nicholas Adontz, Armenia in the Period of Justinian: The political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System. Trans. into Eng. with expanded notes, bibliography, and appendices by Nina G. Garsoian, Lisbon, 1970)
↑ Toumanoff, Cyril. «The Mamikonids and the Liparitids», Armeniaca (Venice, 1969), pp. 125—137
↑ ¹ ²
Cyril Toumanoff, (en) Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown University Press, 1963), pp. 209; 211—212, n. 238
- The Princes Mamikonian (the Mamikonids) claimed descent from the Emperors of China and bore the gentilitial title of Chenbakur, but appear to have been the immemorial dynasts of Tayk', on the Armeno-Georgian confines, possibly of Georgian origin; at any rate, the Mamikonid onomastics, and the dynastic patronymic in the first place, betray a Georgian connexion (Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 209).
- The imperial Chinese origin of the Mamikonids is asserted by Faustus, 5.4, 37, Sebēos, 2, and by Ps. Moses, 2.81, the latter two indicating that the title borne by their imperial ancestors was čen-bakur. The first element of that title is the ethnicon 'Chinese', the second, a rendering of the Iranian bağpūr, itself a translation of the Chinese Imperial title of t’ien-tzu ('Son of Heaven'): Markwart, Streifzüge 133—134; Süd-armenien 77-78 (the thought, however, that it was the King of the Kushans, who also entitled himself 'Son of Heaven' [devaputra], and not the Emperor of China who was meant here); Justi, Namenbuch 240. Actually, the Georgian origin of the Mamikonids seems more likely. In the first place, they were dynasts of the proto-Caucasian and half-Georgian Tayk'; in the second, there are philological data to support it. The basic element of their nomen gentilicium and most likely their gentilitial title, mamik or mamak, is a composite of the Armenian diminutive suffix -ik/-ak and the Georgian word mama or 'father': Adontz, Armenija 402—403, 405. Also, the praenomen Mušeł, found among them, is a Georgian territorial epithet, formed with the addition of the Georgian suffix -el (Armenianized as -eł) to the name of the chief city of Tarawn, Muš: Adontz, op. cit. 398; Markwart, Süd-armenien 157 n. 1. Adontz explained the Chinese tradition by a confusion, prompted by the love of exotic origins, between the ethnicon čen and that of the Georgian Čan-ians (Tzanni) or Lazi (for whom, see I at n. 55; Gugushvili, Division 56, 64), who were settled in the neighbourhood of Tayk'. … The two Mamikonid princely Houses of Georgia and the Russian Empire are the Liparitids and the T’umanids. The former appeared in Iberia c. 876; was invested with the office of High Constable of Georgia; returned, in the main branch, to Armenia in 1177, or possibly even earlier; and reigned as the Third Dynasty of Siunia [25] from c. 1200 to the mid-fifteenth century. It was subdivided, in the remaining Georgian branch, into the following houses: Jambakur(ian) [= čenbakur]-Orbeliani, Barat’ašvili, Solağašvili, Kaxaberije-Čiĵavaje, and possibly Abašije. … The other house of T’umanids, removed to Georgia from Armenia-in-Exille (Cilicia) after the twelfth century: Fifteenth Cent. Bagr. 179 n. 59; Spiski 83-85; Dolgorukov III 483; GHA(f) 2 (1953) 471; cf. Zacharias the Deacon, Sofis 48. (Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 211—212, n. 238).
↑ Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: A Historical Atlas. The University of Chicago Press, p. 95. «'The Mamikonids, originally princes of Tayk', climed descent from the emperors of China (Arm. Čen-k'), but appears rather to have been descended from the chieftains of the Čanians (Arm. Čanik; Gk. Sannoi or Tzannoi) and so to have had a Georgian origin, as their name implies (Geo. mama 'father', 'chief').'»
↑ A. E. Redgate. The Armenians. Oxford: Blackwell. 2000. 74. ISBN 0-631-22037-2.
↑ Robert W. Edwards. The Vale of Kola: A Final Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey // Dumbarton Oaks Papers . 42. 1988. 134. ISSN 0070-7546.
Orijinal mətn (ing.)
The Armenian house of the Mamikoneans, which ruled Tayk' until A.D. 772, has its origins in the Kartvelian Tzanoi.
↑ Edward Gibbon,The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Chapter XIII, Part II, Reign of Diocletian and This Three Associates. Arxivləşdirilib 2001-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
↑ ¹ ² Nina Qevorqovna, Qarsonyan. Mamikonean family // Encyclopædia Iranica (ingilis). 2022-07-19 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2021-07-24. The Mamikoneans claimed to be of royal Čenkʿ descent, a people traditionally associated with China (Primary History, B; BP-G, 5.4.37, pp. 194, 218-19; MK, 2.81, pp. 229-31). Although this origin is disputed by scholars, who have not yet reached a final conclusion, the Mamikoneans have been thought to have come from Central Asia or from the region of Darband. Adontz and especially Toumanoff considered that their ancestry should be linked with Georgia (Adontz, 1970, p. 312; Toumanoff, 1963, pp. 209-10).
↑ Свазян К. С. Чены (страна ченов по армянским источникам). — ИФЖ. 1976, № 1 (на арм. языке) // дается по: Алла Тер-Саркисян. История и культура армянского народа. 2-е изд. Москва. Восточная литература. 2008
↑ Алла Тер-Саркисян. История и культура армянского народа. 2-е изд. Москва. Восточная литература. 2008.

Xarici keçidlər

[1] Адонц Николай Георгиевич, Армения в эпоху Юстиниана: Политическое состояние на основе Нахарского строя, СПб., 1908, ст. 402—405 (Nicholas Adontz, Armenia in the Period of Justinian: The political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System. Trans. into Eng. with expanded notes, bibliography, and appendices by Nina G. Garsoian, Lisbon, 1970)

[2] Toumanoff, Cyril. «The Mamikonids and the Liparitids», Armeniaca (Venice, 1969), pp. 125—137

[Toumanoff-3] ¹ ² Cyril Toumanoff, (en) Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown University Press, 1963), pp. 209; 211—212, n. 238

The Princes Mamikonian (the Mamikonids) claimed descent from the Emperors of China and bore the gentilitial title of Chenbakur, but appear to have been the immemorial dynasts of Tayk', on the Armeno-Georgian confines, possibly of Georgian origin; at any rate, the Mamikonid onomastics, and the dynastic patronymic in the first place, betray a Georgian connexion (Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 209).

The imperial Chinese origin of the Mamikonids is asserted by Faustus, 5.4, 37, Sebēos, 2, and by Ps. Moses, 2.81, the latter two indicating that the title borne by their imperial ancestors was čen-bakur. The first element of that title is the ethnicon 'Chinese', the second, a rendering of the Iranian bağpūr, itself a translation of the Chinese Imperial title of t’ien-tzu ('Son of Heaven'): Markwart, Streifzüge 133—134; Süd-armenien 77-78 (the thought, however, that it was the King of the Kushans, who also entitled himself 'Son of Heaven' [devaputra], and not the Emperor of China who was meant here); Justi, Namenbuch 240. Actually, the Georgian origin of the Mamikonids seems more likely. In the first place, they were dynasts of the proto-Caucasian and half-Georgian Tayk'; in the second, there are philological data to support it. The basic element of their nomen gentilicium and most likely their gentilitial title, mamik or mamak, is a composite of the Armenian diminutive suffix -ik/-ak and the Georgian word mama or 'father': Adontz, Armenija 402—403, 405. Also, the praenomen Mušeł, found among them, is a Georgian territorial epithet, formed with the addition of the Georgian suffix -el (Armenianized as -eł) to the name of the chief city of Tarawn, Muš: Adontz, op. cit. 398; Markwart, Süd-armenien 157 n. 1. Adontz explained the Chinese tradition by a confusion, prompted by the love of exotic origins, between the ethnicon čen and that of the Georgian Čan-ians (Tzanni) or Lazi (for whom, see I at n. 55; Gugushvili, Division 56, 64), who were settled in the neighbourhood of Tayk'. … The two Mamikonid princely Houses of Georgia and the Russian Empire are the Liparitids and the T’umanids. The former appeared in Iberia c. 876; was invested with the office of High Constable of Georgia; returned, in the main branch, to Armenia in 1177, or possibly even earlier; and reigned as the Third Dynasty of Siunia [25] from c. 1200 to the mid-fifteenth century. It was subdivided, in the remaining Georgian branch, into the following houses: Jambakur(ian) [= čenbakur]-Orbeliani, Barat’ašvili, Solağašvili, Kaxaberije-Čiĵavaje, and possibly Abašije. … The other house of T’umanids, removed to Georgia from Armenia-in-Exille (Cilicia) after the twelfth century: Fifteenth Cent. Bagr. 179 n. 59; Spiski 83-85; Dolgorukov III 483; GHA(f) 2 (1953) 471; cf. Zacharias the Deacon, Sofis 48. (Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 211—212, n. 238).

[4] The Princes Mamikonian (the Mamikonids) claimed descent from the Emperors of China and bore the gentilitial title of Chenbakur, but appear to have been the immemorial dynasts of Tayk', on the Armeno-Georgian confines, possibly of Georgian origin; at any rate, the Mamikonid onomastics, and the dynastic patronymic in the first place, betray a Georgian connexion (Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 209).

[5] The imperial Chinese origin of the Mamikonids is asserted by Faustus, 5.4, 37, Sebēos, 2, and by Ps. Moses, 2.81, the latter two indicating that the title borne by their imperial ancestors was čen-bakur. The first element of that title is the ethnicon 'Chinese', the second, a rendering of the Iranian bağpūr, itself a translation of the Chinese Imperial title of t’ien-tzu ('Son of Heaven'): Markwart, Streifzüge 133—134; Süd-armenien 77-78 (the thought, however, that it was the King of the Kushans, who also entitled himself 'Son of Heaven' [devaputra], and not the Emperor of China who was meant here); Justi, Namenbuch 240. Actually, the Georgian origin of the Mamikonids seems more likely. In the first place, they were dynasts of the proto-Caucasian and half-Georgian Tayk'; in the second, there are philological data to support it. The basic element of their nomen gentilicium and most likely their gentilitial title, mamik or mamak, is a composite of the Armenian diminutive suffix -ik/-ak and the Georgian word mama or 'father': Adontz, Armenija 402—403, 405. Also, the praenomen Mušeł, found among them, is a Georgian territorial epithet, formed with the addition of the Georgian suffix -el (Armenianized as -eł) to the name of the chief city of Tarawn, Muš: Adontz, op. cit. 398; Markwart, Süd-armenien 157 n. 1. Adontz explained the Chinese tradition by a confusion, prompted by the love of exotic origins, between the ethnicon čen and that of the Georgian Čan-ians (Tzanni) or Lazi (for whom, see I at n. 55; Gugushvili, Division 56, 64), who were settled in the neighbourhood of Tayk'. … The two Mamikonid princely Houses of Georgia and the Russian Empire are the Liparitids and the T’umanids. The former appeared in Iberia c. 876; was invested with the office of High Constable of Georgia; returned, in the main branch, to Armenia in 1177, or possibly even earlier; and reigned as the Third Dynasty of Siunia [25] from c. 1200 to the mid-fifteenth century. It was subdivided, in the remaining Georgian branch, into the following houses: Jambakur(ian) [= čenbakur]-Orbeliani, Barat’ašvili, Solağašvili, Kaxaberije-Čiĵavaje, and possibly Abašije. … The other house of T’umanids, removed to Georgia from Armenia-in-Exille (Cilicia) after the twelfth century: Fifteenth Cent. Bagr. 179 n. 59; Spiski 83-85; Dolgorukov III 483; GHA(f) 2 (1953) 471; cf. Zacharias the Deacon, Sofis 48. (Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, p. 211—212, n. 238).

[4] Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: A Historical Atlas. The University of Chicago Press, p. 95. «'The Mamikonids, originally princes of Tayk', climed descent from the emperors of China (Arm. Čen-k'), but appears rather to have been descended from the chieftains of the Čanians (Arm. Čanik; Gk. Sannoi or Tzannoi) and so to have had a Georgian origin, as their name implies (Geo. mama 'father', 'chief').'»

[Redgate-5] A. E. Redgate. The Armenians. Oxford: Blackwell. 2000. 74. ISBN 0-631-22037-2.

[Edwards-6] Robert W. Edwards. The Vale of Kola: A Final Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey // Dumbarton Oaks Papers . 42. 1988. 134. ISSN 0070-7546.
Orijinal mətn (ing.)
The Armenian house of the Mamikoneans, which ruled Tayk' until A.D. 772, has its origins in the Kartvelian Tzanoi.

[7] Edward Gibbon,The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Chapter XIII, Part II, Reign of Diocletian and This Three Associates. Arxivləşdirilib 2001-07-31 at the Wayback Machine

[Qarsonyan-8] ¹ ² Nina Qevorqovna, Qarsonyan. Mamikonean family // Encyclopædia Iranica (ingilis). 2022-07-19 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2021-07-24. The Mamikoneans claimed to be of royal Čenkʿ descent, a people traditionally associated with China (Primary History, B; BP-G, 5.4.37, pp. 194, 218-19; MK, 2.81, pp. 229-31). Although this origin is disputed by scholars, who have not yet reached a final conclusion, the Mamikoneans have been thought to have come from Central Asia or from the region of Darband. Adontz and especially Toumanoff considered that their ancestry should be linked with Georgia (Adontz, 1970, p. 312; Toumanoff, 1963, pp. 209-10).

[9] Свазян К. С. Чены (страна ченов по армянским источникам). — ИФЖ. 1976, № 1 (на арм. языке) // дается по: Алла Тер-Саркисян. История и культура армянского народа. 2-е изд. Москва. Восточная литература. 2008

[Алла_Тер-Саркисян-10] Алла Тер-Саркисян. История и культура армянского народа. 2-е изд. Москва. Восточная литература. 2008.

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Mamikonyanlar

Titul	Tayk çarı Taron çarı Ermənistan regenti Ermənistan mərzbanı
Əcdadı	Artavazd
Dövr	orta əsrlər
Mənşəyi	naməlum (bax: #Mənşə)
Vikianbarda əlaqəli mediafayllar