Maratha imperiyası

Maratha İmperiyası, Maratx dövləti və ya Maratha konfederasiyası (marathi मराठा साम्राज्य) — 1674-1820-ci illərdə mövcud olmuş və əsası Maratxlar sülaləsindən olan Şivaçi tərəfindən qoyulmuş dövlət. Onun ərazisi indiki Hindistanın Maxaraştra ştatına uyğun gəlir.

Tarixi dövlət
Maratha imperiyası
marathi मराठा साम्राज्य
Bayraq
Maratha İmperiyası 1760-cı ildə
←   → 1674 — 1818
Dilləri	Hindistani dili
Rəsmi dilləri	Marathi dili
Dövlət dini	Hinduizm
Ərazisi	2 800 000 km²
Əhalisi	150.000.000 nəfər (1700-cü il)
İdarəetmə forması	Mütləq monarxiya
İmperator
• 1674 - 1680	Şivaçi (ilk)
• 1808 - 1819	Pratap Sinqh (sonuncu)
Davamiyyət
Hindistan Pakistan Banqladeş  →
Vikianbarda əlaqəli mediafayllar

Tarixi

1674-cü ildə Maratx kəndlilərinin çıxışı Şivaçinin başçılıq etdiyi Maratx dövlətinin yaradılması ilə nəticələndi. 1747-ci ildə Nadir şahın öldürülməsindən sonra Əhməd şah müstəqil Əfqan dövlətinin əsasını qoydu. Bu zaman Maratx dövləti Hindistanda ən böyük siyasi qüvvəyə çevrilmişdi və ümumhindistan miqyasında hegemonluğa can atırdı. 1759—1761-ci illərdə Hindistan uğrunda Əfqan-Maratx müharibəsi baş verdi. 1761-ci ilin yanvarın 14-də Panipat döyüşü müharibənin sonu oldu. Məğlub olan Maratx dövləti bir daha özünə gələ bilmədi. Panipat döyüşü həm də Böyük Moğol İmperiyasının süqutu demək idi. Lakin əfqanlar ölkədə möhkəmlənə bilməyib buranı tərk etdilər.

İmperatorlar

Maratha İmperiyasının banisi Şivaçi

• Şivaçi (1674—1680)
• Sambaçi (1680—1689)
• I Racaram (1689—1700)
• Tarabay (1700—1707)
• I Şahuçi (1707—1749)
• II Racaram (1749—1777)
• II Şahuçi (1777—1808)
• Pratap Sinqh (1808—1819)

Ədəbiyyat

• Agrawal, Ashvini. Events leadinig to the Battle of Panipat // Studies in Mughal History. Motilal Banarsidass. 1983. ISBN 81-208-2326-5.
• Ahmad, Aziz; Krishnamurti, R. "Akbar: The Religious Aspect". The Journal of Asian Studies. 21 (4). 1962: 577. doi:10.2307/2050934. ISSN 0021-9118.
• Barua, Pradeep. The State at War in South Asia. University of Nebraska Press. 2005. ISBN 0-8032-1344-1.
• Bhave, Y. G. From the Death of Shivaji to the Death of Aurangzeb: The Critical Years. Northern Book Centre. 2000. ISBN 978-81-7211-100-7.
• Bhosle, Prince Pratap Sinh Serfoji Raje. Contributions of Thanjavur Maratha Kings (2nd). Notion Press. 2017. ISBN 978-1-948230-95-7.
• Black, Jeremy. A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the Present. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006. ISBN 978-0-275-99039-8.
• Bose, MeliaBelli. "Women, Gender and Art in Asia, c. 1500-1900 ". Taylor & Francis. 2017. ISBN 978-1-351-53655-4.
• Capper, John. Delhi, the Capital of India. Asian Educational Services. 1997. ISBN 978-81-206-1282-2.
• Chaurasia, R.S. History of the Marathas. New Delhi: Atlantic. 2004. ISBN 978-81-269-0394-8.
• Chaturvedi, Prof. R. P. Great Personalities. Upkar Prakashan. 2010. ISBN 978-81-7482-061-7.
• Chhabra, G.S. Advance Study in the History of Modern India. (Volume-1: 1707-1803). Lotus Press. 2005. ISBN 978-81-89093-06-8.
• Cooper, Randolf G. S. The Anglo-Maratha Campaigns and the Contest for India: The Struggle for Control of the South Asian Military Economy. Cambridge University Press. 2003.
• Disha Experts. Breathing in Bodhi - the General Awareness/ Comprehension book - Life Skills/ Level 2 for the avid readers. Disha Publications. 2017. ISBN 978-93-84583-48-4.
• Edwardes, Stephen Meredyth; Garrett, Herbert Leonard Offley. Mughal Rule in India. Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 1995. ISBN 978-81-7156-551-1.
• Farooqui, Salma Ahmed. A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson Education India. 2011. ISBN 978-81-317-3202-1.
• GashGash, Norman. Wellington: Studies in the Military and Political Career of the First Duke of Wellington. Manchester University Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0-7190-2974-5.
• Ghazi, M.A. Islamic Renaissance In South Asia (1707-1867) : The Role Of Shah Waliallah & His Successors. New Delhi: Adam. 2002. ISBN 978-81-7435-400-6.
• Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind. Poona in the eighteenth century: an urban history. Oxford University Press. 1988.
• Hasan, Mohibbul. History of Tipu Sultan. Delhi: Aakar Books. 2005. ISBN 978-81-87879-57-2.
• Hatalkar, V. G. Relations Between the French and the Marathas: 1668-1815. T.V. Chidambaran. 1958.
• Jackson, William Joseph. Vijayanagara voices: exploring South Indian history and Hindu literature. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2005. ISBN 9780754639503.
• Jones, Rodney W. Urban Politics in India: Area, Power, and Policy in a Penetrated System. University of California Press. 1974. səh. 25. ISBN 978-0-520-02545-5.
• Kantak, M. R. The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774-1783: A Military Study of Major Battles. Popular Prakashan. 1993. ISBN 978-81-7154-696-1.
• Kincaid, Charles Augustus; Pārasanīsa, Dattātraya Baḷavanta. A History of the Maratha People: From the death of Shahu to the end of the Chitpavan epic. Volume III. S. Chand. 1925.
• Kulakarṇī, A. Rā. Marathas and the Marathas Country: The Marathas. Books & Books. 1996.
• Kulkarni, Sumitra. The Satara Raj, 1818-1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture. Mittal Publications. 1995. ISBN 978-81-7099-581-4.
• Lee, Wayne. Empires and Indigenes: Intercultural Alliance, Imperial Expansion, and Warfare in the Early Modern World. NYU Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-8147-6527-2.
• Lindsay, J.O., redaktorThe New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. VII The Old Regime 1713-63. Cambridge: University Press. 1967.
• Majumdar, R. C. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Volume 7: The Mughul Empire [1526-1707]. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan G. Allen & Unwin. 1951a.
• Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Volume 8 The Maratha Supremacy. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust. 1951b.
• Majumdar, R. C. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Volume 7: The Mughul Empire [1526-1707]. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 1951 – G. Allen & Unwin vasitəsilə.
• Manohar, Malgonkar. The Sea Hawk: Life and Battles of Kanoji Angrey. 1959. səh. 63. OCLC 59302060.
• Marshall, P. J. Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740–1828. Cambridge University Press. 2006. 72–73.
• Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus. Kaye, John William, Sir (redaktor). Selections from the Papers of Lord Metcalfe: Late Governor-General of India, Governor of Jamaica, and Governor-General of Canada. London: Smith, Elder and Co. 1855.
• Mehta, Jaswant Lal. Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling. 2005. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6.
• Mittal, Satish Chandra. Haryana: A Historical Perspective. New Delhi: Atlantic. 1986.
• Montgomery, Bernard Law. A Concise History of Warfare. Collins. 1972.
• Naravane, M.S. Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj. New Delhi: APH Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-81-313-0034-3.
• Nayar, Pramod K. English Writing and India, 1600–1920: Colonizing Aesthetics. Routledge. 2008. ISBN 978-1-134-13150-1.
• Nehru, Jawaharlal. Discovery of India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1946.
• Pagdi, Setumadhavarao S. Shivaji. National Book Trust. 1993. səh. 21. ISBN 81-237-0647-2.
• Parker, Brannon. Orissa In The Crossfire-Kandhamal Burning. Lulu.com. 2011. ISBN 978-0-557-18643-3.
• Pearson, M. N. "Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire". The Journal of Asian Studies. 35 (2). February 1976: 221–235. doi:10.2307/2053980. JSTOR 2053980. (Subscription required (help)).
• Prakash, Om. Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. 2002. ISBN 978-81-261-0938-8.
• Ramusack, Barbara N. The Indian Princes and their States. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-1-139-44908-3.
• Rath, Saraju. Aspects of Manuscript Culture in South India. Brill. 2012. ISBN 90-04-21900-5.
• Rathod, N. G. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. 1994. ISBN 978-81-85431-52-9.
• Richards, John F. The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
• Roy, Kaushik. War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849. Taylor & Francis. 2011. ISBN 978-1-136-79087-4.
• Roy, Kaushik. India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil. Orient Blackswan. 2004. ISBN 978-81-7824-109-8.
• Saini, A.K; Chand, Hukam. History Of Midieval India. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. n.d. ISBN 978-81-261-2313-1.
• Sampath, Vikram. Splendours of Royal Mysore (Paperback). Rupa & Company. 2008. ISBN 978-81-291-1535-5.
• Sardesai, Govind Sakharam. A History of Modern India ...: Marathi Riyasat. Volume 2. 1935.
• Sarkar, Jadunath. Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1754-1771. (Panipat). Vol. 2 (2nd). M.C. Sarkar. 1950.
• Sarkar, Jadunath. Fall Of The Mughal Empire. Vol. I (4th). Orient Longman. 1991. ISBN 978-81-250-1149-1.
• Sarkar, Jadunath. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Blackswan. 1994. ISBN 978-81-250-0333-5.
• Schmidt, Karl J. An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History. Routledge. 2015. ISBN 978-1-317-47681-8.
• Sen, Sailendra Nath. Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96. Vol. 2. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 1994. ISBN 978-81-7154-789-0.
• Sen, S.N. History Modern India (3rd). New Age. 2006.
• Sen, Sailendra Nath. An Advanced History of Modern India. Macmillan India. 2010. 1941–. ISBN 978-0-230-32885-3.

Serfoji, Tanjore Maharaja. Journal of the Tanjore Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library. 1979.

• Sheil, Lady Mary Leonora Woulfe; Sheil, Sir Justin. Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia. John Murray. 1856.
• Singh, Harbakhsh. War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965. Lancer. 2011. ISBN 978-1-935501-29-9.
• Singh, U.B. Administrative System in India: Vedic Age to 1947. APH Publishing. 1998. səh. 93.
• Stewart, Gordon. The Marathas 1600-1818. New Cambridge History of India,. Volume II . 4. Cambridge University Press. 1993.
• Trivedi, Harish; Allen, Richard. Literature and Nation. Psychology Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-415-21207-6.
• Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2). 2006: 219–229. doi:10.5195/JWSR.2006.369. ISSN 1076-156X.
• Sridharan, K. Sea: Our Saviour. Taylor & Francis. 2000. ISBN 978-81-224-1245-1.
• United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Reports, 18, Washington: Supreme Court of the United States, 1930, OCLC 2590161
• Vartak, Malavika. "Shivaji Maharaj: Growth of a Symbol". Economic and Political Weekly. 34 (19). 8–14 May 1999: 1126–1134. JSTOR 4407933. (Subscription required (help)).

Həmçinin bax

• Şivaçi
• Böyük Moğol İmperiyası
• Britaniya Hindistanı
• Maratxlar