Qədim Dünya

Qədim dünya — bəşər tarixində tarixdən əvvəlki dövr və Avropada orta əsrlərin başlanğıcı arasında fərqlənən dövr. Digər bölgələrdə antik dövrün müvəqqəti sərhədləri Avropa sərhədlərindən fərqli ola bilər. Məsələn, Çində qədim dövrün sonu bəzən Qin imperiyasının yaranması hesab olunur ^[1], Hindistanda - Chola imperiyası ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], Amerikada - Avropa kolonizasiyasının başlanğıcı ^[6].

"Klassik qədimlik" (və ya antik dövr) termini ümumiyyətlə ilk Olimpiadadan (e.ə. 776) başlayan Yunan və Roma tarixinə aiddir. Bu tarix, demək olar ki, Romanın ənənəvi quruluş tarixinə (e.ə. 753) təsadüf edir. Avropa qədim tarixinin son tarixi ümumiyyətlə Qərbi Roma İmperiyasının süqut ili (mil. 476) ^[7]^[8], bəzən İmperator I Yustinianın ölüm tarixi (565)^[9], İslamın görünüşü (622-ci il) hesab olunur.) ^[10] və ya İmperator Çarlemanın hakimiyyətinin başlanğıcı (800-cü il)^[11].

İstinadlar

↑ История Древнего мира в 3 т., Издание третье / Ред. И. М. Дьяконова, В. Д. Нероновой, И. С. Свенцицкой — М.:Издательство «Наука», 1989.
↑ Gernet, J. (1996). A history of Chinese civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
↑ Elphinstone, M. (1889). The history of India Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine. London: Murray.
↑ Smith, V. A. (1904). The early history of India from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan conquest, including the invasion of Alexander the Great Arxivləşdirilib 2016-06-03 at the Wayback Machine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
↑ Hoernle, A. F. R., & Stark, H. A. (1906). A history of India Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-05 at the Wayback Machine. Cuttack: Orissa mission Press.
↑ Priest, J. (1834). American antiquities, and discoveries in the West Arxivləşdirilib 2014-01-03 at the Wayback Machine: being an exhibition of the evidence that an ancient population of partially civilized nations, differing entirely from those of the present Indians, peopled America many centuries before its discovery by Columbus, and inquiries into their origin, with a copious description of many of their stupendous works, now in ruins; with conjectures concerning what may have become of them; compiled from travels, authentic sources, and the researches of antiquarian societies. Albany: Printed by Hoffman & White
↑ Clare, I. S. (1906). Library of universal history: containing a record of the human race from the earliest historical period to the present time; embracing a general survey of the progress of mankind in national and social life, civil government, religion, literature, science and art. New York: Union Book. Page 1519 (cf., Ancient history, as we have already seen, ended with the fall of the Western Roman Empire; […])
↑ United Center for Research and Training in History. (1973). Bulgarian historical review. Sofia: Pub. House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]. Page 43. (cf. … in the history of Western Europe, which marks both the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages, is the fall of the Western Empire.)
↑ Robinson, C. A. (1951). Ancient history from prehistoric times to the death of Justinian. New York: Macmillan.
↑ Breasted, J. H. (1916). Ancient times, a history of the early world: an introduction to the study of ancient history and the career of early man Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-11 at the Wayback Machine. Boston: Ginn and Company.
↑ Myers, P. V. N. (1916). Ancient history Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-10 at the Wayback Machine. New York [etc.]: Ginn and company.

[1] История Древнего мира в 3 т., Издание третье / Ред. И. М. Дьяконова, В. Д. Нероновой, И. С. Свенцицкой — М.:Издательство «Наука», 1989.

[2] Gernet, J. (1996). A history of Chinese civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[3] Elphinstone, M. (1889). The history of India Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine. London: Murray.

[4] Smith, V. A. (1904). The early history of India from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan conquest, including the invasion of Alexander the Great Arxivləşdirilib 2016-06-03 at the Wayback Machine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

[5] Hoernle, A. F. R., & Stark, H. A. (1906). A history of India Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-05 at the Wayback Machine. Cuttack: Orissa mission Press.

[6] Priest, J. (1834). American antiquities, and discoveries in the West Arxivləşdirilib 2014-01-03 at the Wayback Machine: being an exhibition of the evidence that an ancient population of partially civilized nations, differing entirely from those of the present Indians, peopled America many centuries before its discovery by Columbus, and inquiries into their origin, with a copious description of many of their stupendous works, now in ruins; with conjectures concerning what may have become of them; compiled from travels, authentic sources, and the researches of antiquarian societies. Albany: Printed by Hoffman & White

[7] Clare, I. S. (1906). Library of universal history: containing a record of the human race from the earliest historical period to the present time; embracing a general survey of the progress of mankind in national and social life, civil government, religion, literature, science and art. New York: Union Book. Page 1519 (cf., Ancient history, as we have already seen, ended with the fall of the Western Roman Empire; […])

[8] United Center for Research and Training in History. (1973). Bulgarian historical review. Sofia: Pub. House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]. Page 43. (cf. … in the history of Western Europe, which marks both the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages, is the fall of the Western Empire.)

[9] Robinson, C. A. (1951). Ancient history from prehistoric times to the death of Justinian. New York: Macmillan.

[10] Breasted, J. H. (1916). Ancient times, a history of the early world: an introduction to the study of ancient history and the career of early man Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-11 at the Wayback Machine. Boston: Ginn and Company.

[11] Myers, P. V. N. (1916). Ancient history Arxivləşdirilib 2016-05-10 at the Wayback Machine. New York [etc.]: Ginn and company.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]