Xristian dünyası
Xristian dünyası — xristian dövlətlərinə, xristianların çoxluq təşkil etdiyi ölkələrə və xristianlığın üstünlük təşkil etdiyi,[2][3] mədəni və ya tarixən iç-içə olduğu ölkələrə aid edilən tarixi termin.
Roma imperiyasının son dövrlərində xristianlığın Levantdan Avropaya və Şimali Afrikaya yayılmasından sonra xristian dünyası Yunan Şərqi və Latın Qərbinə bölünmüşdür. Nəticə etibarilə xristianlığın daxilində Roma[4] və Konstantinopol[5] şəhərləri ətrafında mərkəzləşmiş, öz inancları və əməlləri olan sektalar yaranmışdır. XI–XIII əsrlərdə latın kilsəsi Qərb dünyasının mərkəzi roluna yüksəlmişdir.[6]
İstinadlar
redaktə- ↑ "Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" (PDF). Pew Research Center. 2021-02-01 tarixində arxivləşdirilib (PDF). İstifadə tarixi: 2023-01-04.
- ↑ Hall, Douglas John. The End of Christendom and the Future of Christianity. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers. 2002. səh. ix. ISBN 9781579109844. İstifadə tarixi: 28 January 2018.
"Christendom" [...] means literally the dominion or sovereignty of the Christian religion.
- ↑ See Merriam-Webster.com : dictionary, "Christendom" Arxivləşdirilib 2017-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Chazan, Robert. The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006. səh. xi. ISBN 9780521616645. İstifadə tarixi: 26 January 2018.
- ↑ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "christendom. § 1.3 Scheidingen". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
- ↑ Chazan, p. 5.
Əlavə ədəbiyyat
redaktə- Woods, Thomas Jr. How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization. Regnery Publishing, Inc. 2005. ISBN 0-89526-038-7.
- Cameron, Averil. The Byzantines. Oxford: Blackwell. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4051-9833-2.
- Browning, Robert. The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-8132-0754-4.
- The Return of Christendom. Macmillan. 1922.
- Andrew Dickson White. A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. D. Appleton. 1897.
- F. G. Cole. Mother of All Churches: A Brief and Comprehensive Handbook of the Holy Eastern Orthodox Church. Skeffington. 1908.
- Hull, Moses. Encyclopedia of Biblical Spiritualism; Or, A Concordance to the Principal Passages of the Old and New Testament Scriptures Which Prove or Imply Spiritualism; Together with a Brief History of the Origin of Many of the Important Books of the Bible. Chicago: M. Hull, 1895. (ed., reprint version is available)
- Bosanquet, Bernard. The Civilization of Christendom, And Other Studies. London: S. Sonnenschein, 1893.
- The History of Teachings of the Early Church, as a Basis for the Re-union of Christendom: Lectures. E. & J. B. Young. 1893.
- John Hodson Egar. Christendom; ecclesiastical and political, from Constantine to the Reformation. J. Pott. 1887.
- The Churches of Christendom. Macniven and Wallace. 1884.
- Charles, Elizabeth. Sketches of the women of Christendom, by the author of 'Chronicles of the Schönberg-Cotta family'. 1880.
- Naville, Ernest. The Christ: Seven lectures. T. & T. Clark. 1880.
- George William Cox. Latin and Teutonic Christendom: An Historical Sketch. Longmans, Green & Company. 1870.
- Girdlestone, Charles. Christendom, sketched from history in the light of holy Scripture. Published for the Author by Sampson Low, Son, & Marston. 1870.
- John Radford Thomson. Symbols of Christendom: an elementary text-book. 1867.
- Thomas William Allies. The formation of Christendom. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. 1865.
- Stearns, George. The mistake of Christendom; or, Jesus and His Gospel before Paul and Christianity. B. Marsh. 1857.
- Johnson, Richard. The Renowned History of the Seven Champions of Christendom: St. George of England, St. Denis of France, St. James of Spain, St. Anthony of Italy, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick of Ireland, and St. David of Wales, and Their Sons. W. Baynes. 1824.
- Bainton, Roland H. (1966). Christendom: a Short History of Christianity and Its Impact on Western Civilization, in series, Harper Colophon Books. New York: Harper & Row. 2 vol., ill.
- Molland, Einar (1959) Christendom: the Christian churches, their doctrines, constitutional forms and ways of worship. London: A. & R. Mowbray & Co. (first published in Norwegian in 1953 as Konfesjonskunnskap).
- Whalen, Brett Edward (2009). Dominion of God: Christendom and Apocalypse in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.